https://www.panarchiccodex.com/wildfire-talks daily 0.75 2025-05-11 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/wildfire-talks/qs3z25gxtwoppb8bvecn786n7gqjc9 monthly 0.5 2024-12-22 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/wildfire-talks/fab-festival monthly 0.5 2024-02-08 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/wildfire-talks/the-earth-convention monthly 0.5 2023-03-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/76b1e88a-79d5-4336-acec-74a979c0c1d5/Screenshot+2023-03-16+at+12.48.15.png Upcoming - The Earth Convention - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/wildfire-talks/edinburghsciencefestival monthly 0.5 2020-02-28 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/design-for-living-with-wildfire daily 0.75 2026-03-02 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/design-for-living-with-wildfire/architectures-futures-in-the-new-fire-age monthly 0.5 2026-03-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/a51cabec-d405-4166-aec9-af03c1117b8e/Icarus+Complex+article+banner.jpg News - Icarus Complex magazine In a new article for Icarus Complex magazine, Dr. Melissa Sterry discusses the urgent need for resilient architectural approaches that recognise wildfire not merely as a threat, but as an intrinsic and regenerative force within many ecosystems. She argues that conventional architecture has too often sought to suppress natural processes, pursuing control rather than coexistence. Calling instead for creative, nature-informed strategies, Sterry advocates for design and planning frameworks grounded in ecological literacy - approaches that are capable of reconciling human settlements with fire-adapted landscapes. Her piece serves as both a clear-eyed warning and a compelling invitation to rethink resilience in an era defined by climate volatility and a rapidly warming world. Read the article here. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/design-for-living-with-wildfire/design-for-wildfire-substack monthly 0.5 2026-03-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/bfd9443d-7f04-4a88-953d-86ca2163e667/image-1.jpg News - Design for Wildfire Substack We’re delighted to share that Design for Wildfire’s Substack is now live! This new space explores bio-inspired approaches to living with wildfires, bringing you essays, films, podcasts and research insights from Dr. Melissa Sterry, and her team at the Design for Wildfire school and the Firescape Lab™. Whether you’re a designer, researcher, student or simply curious about how design can respond to our changing world, you’ll find something to provoke, inform and inspire. Subscribe for creative, thoughtful content that rethinks how we design with nature, not against it. Visit the Substack to join the conversation and sign-up, so you’ll never miss an update. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/design-for-living-with-wildfire/biomimetic-baubles-wildfire-sensing-cones monthly 0.5 2026-01-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/3048d795-7691-49e9-8601-d9f13c853e87/IMG_8643.JPG News - Seasons Greetings Biomimetic Baubles Pictured here, hanging from a tree like a bauble, the Pyri-CONE™ wildfire sensing concept was inspired by a serotinous cone collected during a walk through a pyrophilic forest in San Diego County nearly three decades ago. First described in Panarchistic Architecture (2018), the biomimetic device is triggered by heat and/or the chemical signals of wildfires and forms part of an ecosystem of bio-inspired technologies known as the ‘Biological Internet of Things’, or [B]IOT™. While many aspects of the [B]IOT™ remain the subject of ongoing research and development, some elements - such as the idea illustrated here - emerge from the migration of solutions found in other domains. Integrating data from multiple sensing classes across land, air, and space, the purpose of the [B]IOT™ is to protect lives, properties, livelihoods, and pyrophilic ecosystems. Wildfire is construed not as foe, but as friend, because the pyrophytes that inspired both the Pyri-CONE™ - and the wider system of which it forms a part - have evolved to live with fire rather than without it. Panarchistic Architecture, and its sub-class Pyrophytic Architecture™, seek to reconcile human material and information systems with those of the non-human world. By syncing these domains so that they operate synergistically and in mutually beneficial ways, this approach integrates the many traits that have enabled plants, including pyrophytic conifers, not merely to survive wildfires, but to thrive with them. More generally, the mimicry of pyrophytes and the ecological systems they form is a complex and demanding endeavour, involving research across multiple scientific domains and the wider STEM fields. For such approaches to be effective, however, design for living with wildfire must be as economically viable as it is ecologically synergistic, and must therefore hold appeal for the communities for whom it is intended. In vitro, Pyri-CONE™ could operate effectively at both surface and canopy height. In natura, however, the most effective configuration is suspension above ground level, whether from a branch, a beam, a telegraph pole, or similar structure. In theory, the method of attachment could mimic that of a natural cone. In practice, a far simpler solution is sufficient: suspending the device from a cord. Affixing Pyri-CONE™ devices to trees in the manner of baubles evokes the idea of families and communities coming together to do just that, as part of a seasonal ritual akin to decorating a Christmas tree. How humans engage with design is critical to its success or failure. Wildfire is already a highly contentious issue, and its management has been the subject of intense debate for many decades. In California, one key area of contention has been the centralisation of decision-making and, by extension, the systemic erosion of local communities’ ability to manage their own backyards. Ensuring that the very people proposals aim to protect are integral to their use and maintenance is therefore essential. There are many ways in which systems such as the [B]IOT™ could be implemented and maintained by communities living in and beyond the wildland-urban-interface. The dominant narrative surrounding smart cities tends to emphasise centralised, hierarchical control systems, with government agencies and corporations positioned at the top. By contrast, an IoT modelled on an ecological system involves highly distributed decision-making. Equitable entanglement across diverse demographics requires not only technologies that can be understood and used by communities, but also cultural practices that are sufficiently appealing to be embraced across generations. Viewed through this lens, the implementation of wildfire sensing could become an enjoyable community activity, involving participants both young and old. The act of hanging bio-inspired sensing devices on trees in and around a town within the wildland-urban-interface at a given time - such as the Winter Solstice - could incorporate storytelling practices that educate as well as entertain, echoing the pedagogical traditions found in historical fire cultures. Historically, building resilience to wildfires in residential areas was a collective endeavour. Knowledge of fire ecology and broader environmental processes was informally passed down from childhood onwards. Citizens living in fire-prone regions were literate in fire behaviours, particularly as they manifested in their local environments. No single institution was responsible for teaching this knowledge, and no one individual exercised ultimate control. At a time when certain aspects of globalisation are faltering, and when economic instability increasingly places pressure on local and state firefighting resources and funding, hands-on engagement of the biomimetic bauble kind may be less fanciful than it initially appears. As winter settles in, the Design for Wildfire school team and I wish you a wonderful Christmas and a festive season filled with warmth, love, reflection, and renewal. Signing off for the season, Melissa. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/design-for-living-with-wildfire/design-for-wildfire-school-in-forbes-afdgm monthly 0.5 2025-12-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/617d6bcf-42ce-4110-b6b5-f7a58f5eee71/DfW+Instagram+post+copy+2.jpeg News - Design for Wildfire school Igniting a New Era of Wildfire-Resilient Design In preparation for launch, Design for Wildfire school’s social media comms are firing up. Hybrid virtual meets pop-up, it’ll be the world’s first school dedicated to design for living with wildfire. Transatlantic, but with global reach, it fuses old and new education and research approaches. Like the best of the old, its student intake is limited to those that show the highest potential. Like the best of the new, it’s integrating some of the most exciting science, technology, and thinking around. Launching at designforwildfire.com early next year, its pre-launch comms are being shared here and through accounts on YouTube, Instagram, and Substack. In addition to its student services, we’re launching both open access and subscription-only content includes masterclasses for those more generally interested to learn more about design for building resilience to wildfire. We’re also building partnerships and collaborations with like-minded organisations in the United States, United Kingdom, and beyond. If you’d like to explore being part of our school’s journey, get in touch with me or one of our team here. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/design-for-living-with-wildfire/design-for-wildfire-school-in-forbes monthly 0.5 2025-08-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/5803c6c4-00a6-4c61-892d-add2c5888215/Forbes+Design+for+Wildfire+04.03.25.jpg News - Forbes The news is out, in Forbes, that we’re launching Design for Wildfire school later this year. Thank you to Jennifer Castenson and team for including us in an article on how housing innovators are doubling down on resiliency solutions. Read the article here. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/design-for-living-with-wildfire/fire-grand-challenge monthly 0.5 2025-03-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/0a6765cb-02eb-4ee4-8415-c561ac08c38f/unnamed.png News - Fire Grand Challenge Dr. Sterry is delighted to become an evaluator of entries to the Conservation XLabs Fire Grand Challenge, which seeks to find pioneering new solutions to the problem of living with wildfire in Western North America, including the western United States, Canada, and Mexico. The Challenge “Fire is a natural part of many ecosystems. But on a planet rapidly changing due to climate change, habitat destruction, and resource extraction, fire is becoming an increasing threat to nature and human communities alike. Just as human-caused changes have made fire a danger in many places, human ingenuity has the power to reimagine and remember how we, and the creatures we share Earth with, can live and thrive with fire” Conservation Labs. This open innovation competition offers over $1,000,000 in prizes and support to innovations for scalable solutions that braid together traditional and rural knowledge with cutting-edge technology and innovation in Western North America. In 2025, 12 finalist teams, each composed of a technical applicant and a partner community, will receive $50,000 to field-test and further develop their solutions in a 9-month accelerator program. Read more and find entry details here. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/design-for-living-with-wildfire/from-flames-to-foundations monthly 0.5 2025-08-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/4d245f05-b51f-4ef5-a789-e902fc641a56/From+Flames+to+Foundations.jpg News - From Flames to Foundations Design Decode magazine interview Dr. Melissa Sterry on design for living with wildfire. Find an extract below and read in full here. “Resilience is key in both nature and your designs. How do you apply this idea to structures that can withstand wildfires? In my design framework there are three architectural types, each modelled on plant species that coexist with different kinds of wildfire. “Pyro-Evaders” are designed for areas where wildfires are rare but intense, requiring structures designed for fires capable of incinerating organic materials, even in the presence of robust protections. Whereas “Pyro-Endurers” and “Pyro-Resistors” are both suited for places with frequent, but less intense fires, where appropriate design interventions could allow buildings to withstand the flames. The matter of there being two architectural types designed for resilience to frequent, but low intensity wildfires is a reflection of the fact that these fires come in different forms of which the behaviours present very particular challenges. The architectural type chosen depends on the local fire history and local plant species. However, adaptability is key – if the climate or fire patterns change, buildings may need to transition between types. This adaptability is supported by advanced information technology, sensing, and data processing systems that mimic how ecosystems communicate and adapt. As we decrypt the “language” of nature, particularly in biosensing and biocomputing, the potential for bio-inspired architectural resilience is expanding dramatically. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/design-for-living-with-wildfire/bioinspired-design-for-wildfire monthly 0.5 2025-08-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/ef9f37bc-8e3b-4480-b27b-3c680aae30ca/Design+Decode+interview+II+23.10.24.jpg News - Design Decode interview Design Decode magazine interview Dr. Melissa Sterry on design for living with wildfire. Find an extract below and read in full here. “Resilience is key in both nature and your designs. How do you apply this idea to structures that can withstand wildfires? In my design framework there are three architectural types, each modelled on plant species that coexist with different kinds of wildfire. “Pyro-Evaders” are designed for areas where wildfires are rare but intense, requiring structures designed for fires capable of incinerating organic materials, even in the presence of robust protections. Whereas “Pyro-Endurers” and “Pyro-Resistors” are both suited for places with frequent, but less intense fires, where appropriate design interventions could allow buildings to withstand the flames. The matter of there being two architectural types designed for resilience to frequent, but low intensity wildfires is a reflection of the fact that these fires come in different forms of which the behaviours present very particular challenges. The architectural type chosen depends on the local fire history and local plant species. However, adaptability is key – if the climate or fire patterns change, buildings may need to transition between types. This adaptability is supported by advanced information technology, sensing, and data processing systems that mimic how ecosystems communicate and adapt. As we decrypt the “language” of nature, particularly in biosensing and biocomputing, the potential for bio-inspired architectural resilience is expanding dramatically. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/design-for-living-with-wildfire/design-for-wildfire monthly 0.5 2025-08-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/415f72a2-404c-4745-9f64-5282bb4875d0/Smart+Design+Thinking+Instagram.jpg News - Routledge chapter In print November 11th 2024, Panarchistic Architecture: A Paradigm in Wildfire Resilience by Melissa Sterry in The Routledge Companion to Smart Design Thinking in Architecture & Urbanism for a Sustainable, Living Planet. Abstract: Multiple factors signalling the advent of a new ‘Fire age’, the Panarchistic Architecture paradigm takes the task of living with wildfire back to the design drawing board, asking not how we, humans, would solve the problem, but how fire-adapted flora already have. Evolved from an extensive, first of its kind, several-year long transdisciplinary study, the paradigm posits resilience to major wildfires through the creation of complex adaptive architectural and urban systems that mimic the biochemistry, behaviours, and relationships of indigenous flora and fauna species in the low-, mixed-, and high-severity fire regimes. Its constructs drawing on the natural world for model, method, and medium, its proposed means of enablement hybridise human and non-human material and information systems, by splicing biocomputing, satellite communications, and artificial at the edge of science, technology, and engineering. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/design-for-living-with-wildfire/interview-with-disrupt-magazine monthly 0.5 2025-08-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/cdb18195-4677-49fa-b4cb-d0ad8439f0a3/Disrupt+magazine News - Disrupt magazine Disrupt magazine interviews our founder, Dr. Melissa Sterry on working at the edge of innovation in the built environment and the need for industry to take a radically more pro-active approach to the problem of living with wildfire… Interview extract: “The reductionist approach prevalent since the Industrial Revolution, which has replaced localised problem-solving with mass-market solutions - is a significant problem… Highlighting the oversimplification of nature within architectural practices, she observes that many people design with nature through simplistic concepts such as the notion that it’s ‘collaborative’ not ‘competitive’ and that ‘green’ means ‘sustainable’ by default. But she warns that nature is more complicated than that, using the predator-prey dynamics in the wild to illustrate some of the harsher realities of natural ecosystems… In her research, Melissa has focused on areas prone to natural disasters, such as California's wildfire-prone regions. These regions often present more immediate opportunities for implementing innovative building solutions due to their urgent needs. "You want to build the business case first," she advises, reflecting her approach of conducting thorough research before seeking investment or broader implementation. This strategy ensures that innovations are viable in the long run because if you don’t, you can literally be “playing with fire”, among other potentially deadly elements.” Read the full article here. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/design-for-living-with-wildfire/design-council-expert-network monthly 0.5 2025-08-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/16fa328c-02fa-4be3-9d82-c2c604f97fb2/Design+Council+Experts+Network.jpeg News - Design Council Our founder Dr. Melissa Sterry is selected as a member of the 2024 - 2027 cohort of Design Council experts. As part of a 220 strong network of designers dedicated to a planet-positive and regenerative future, she’ll be working with peers on impactful projects, shaping policy, and advocating for change that demonstrates the power of design in tackling critical issues of environment and society, including addressing aspects of climate change. Find out more about the expert network here. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/design-for-living-with-wildfire/women-pioneers-of-biodesign monthly 0.5 2025-08-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/36c96d1a-c556-4401-b2d5-ec8f2d34993b/Billioniare.jpg News - Billionaire magazine The latest edition of Billionaire magazine features our founder in its list of women pioneers tackling enviromental issues through biodesign… Read the article here. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/wildfire-field-notes daily 0.75 2025-02-22 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/wildfire-field-notes/desert-ecology-xerophytic-architecture monthly 0.5 2025-04-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1382c688-114b-4281-a0e2-6433fd686aeb/IMG_2469.JPG Field Notes - field notes #2 “Let us not suffice to the book-learned, to read what others have written and to take upon trust more falsehood than truth, but let us ourselves examine things as we have opportunity and converse with Nature as well as books” John Ray FRS, 1691. Deserts: A Paradox of Life in Extreme Conditions Covering one third of Earth’s surface, though deserts derive their name from the word dēsertum, which means ‘abandoned place’, many are home to extraordinary species from across the Kingdoms of Life. Their biomes categorised into four main variants, those being hot and dry, semi-arid, coastal, and cold, the species that inhabit them have evolved many similar solutions to the challenge of living in some of the most inhospitable places on Earth - otherwise known as convergent evolution. Animals that have evolved to live in deserts are called xerocoles, whereas plants are known as xerophytes. Field Research in Anza-Borrego Desert State Park My initial study of xerophyte species began in the late 2000s, investigating how their functional traits could inform solutions to human challenges, including living with aridity and heat. More recently, I revisited this inquiry during an extended stay in Southern California, conducting fieldwork in Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, initially in January and then again in May and early June. Spanning 585,930 acres, Anza-Borrego is California’s largest state park and the third-largest in the United States. Occupying eastern San Diego County, it forms part of the Mojave and Colorado Deserts Biosphere Reserve, designated by UNESCO in 1984. Other parks in the reserve include the Santa Rosa Mountains Wildlife Management Area, which is adjacent to the Anza-Borrego, and the Death Valley National Park, which I visited during another extended stay in California and neighbouring states in the late 1990s. Geological Time Travel: Deciphering the Colorado Desert’s Past Though some of the most iconic vistas in the park take in its badlands, which look so barren they could be located on some distant planet - thus have featured as filming locations in several feature films that were shot this past few decades, they are but one piece in its rich geological and ecological puzzle. However, their lithology speaks to the geological history of this most ancient of landscapes, which is littered with evidence of its significant transformations over deep time. For example, tread some of its most arid spots and you’ll find marine fossils from a now distant age when the area was covered by a sea. Look to the exposed surfaces of the mountains that surround Borrego Springs and you’ll see bands of rock that serve as a gigantic three dimensional infographic that shows the geological ages piled one atop the other. Desert Life at Night: Unveiling Nocturnal Ecosystems Fortunate to have been staying on a private air ranch in the middle of the Anza-Borrego International Dark Sky Park, I was able to take in the desert ecology both night and day. One reason that’s so important to studying desert plants and animals is the fact that many are more active once the Sun has set - a survival strategy to escape the searing heat. Xerocoles and xerophytes have evolved many traits, both physiological and behavioural, that enable them to not just survive, but the thrive in the extreme aridity and heat of deserts like the Colorado. Ecologically, the habitats of the Colorado Desert ecosystem are a subclass of the Sonoran Desert ecoregion. The Anza-Borrego Desert State Park itself has around 600 species of native plants which are spread across a number of different regional ecosystem types including creosote bush-bur sage with creosote bush, and palo-verde-cactus shrub, together with Colorado/Sonoran microphylla woodlands. Plants that populate these systems including among others Ocotillo, Cacti, Palo Verde, Velvet Mesquite, and smoke trees, as well as the state’s only native palm, the California fan palm. The Rich Tapestry of Desert Wildlife Principally concerned with botanical biomimicry and ecomimicry, my field studies focus was centred on the local plant life. However, as in any ecosystem, the relationship between flora and fauna is symbiotic, hence my studies took in xerocoles too. From a distance, deserts like the Colorado can look still and relatively lifeless, but look closer and you find a rich assembly of species that are all perfectly evolved to exist in their surroundings. Desert animals that I saw with abundance included Ground squirrels, Kangaroo rats, Cottontail rabbits, Costa’s hummingbirds, Verdin, Black-throated sparrows, Prairie falcons, Roadrunners, Great Horned owls, White-winged doves, and Turkey vultures. Observing the activities of these and other species through the day and night revealed how they persist in conditions that some would imagine to be uninhabitable. Thankfully, though the desert is full of animals of the kind that can cause mortality, I spotted just a few such creatures close to hand, and instead observed specimens up close from behind glass during visits to San Diego Zoo and San Diego Zoo Safari Park. Nonetheless, I headed advice that had been given on how to avoid being stung, bitten, or otherwise attacked by a local ‘critter’. The Importance of Field Research Like the 17th century English naturalist John Ray, and with him notable natural philosophers and scientists including Alexander von Humboldt and Charles Darwin, among many others, I firmly believe that you cannot understand nature and its workings unless you get out in it. Books, journals, and other publications can tell you so much, but they can never tell you the whole story. Field trips are imperative to gaining the insights that provide a systemic understanding of the processes of biological systems, and the wider systems of which they are just a part. Observations of the natural world should not be rushed, because the many and varied species of the world conduct their affairs at their pace, not ours. For my part, I have been observing nature since early childhood, starting with many hours spent in a den I built from which I would quietly observe the local wildfire, together with further daily observations from my bedroom window, which had looked out onto a small patch of trees that were home to a number of native English species. Today, as then, when observing nature I make notes and sketches, the only difference is that whereas of old these were always analogue - hand drawn and scripted, today they are a mix of analogue and digital, including photographs, films, sound clips, and more. The herbariums I created are not restricted to the pages of paperbound books, but span all manner of media, which I then interrogate using a wide array of tools, again, both analog and digital. Transdisciplinary Field Studies Where my field studies vary from those of Ray, Humboldt, and Darwin is in the matter that though, like them, I regularly note observations of natural phenomena that may or may not be previously observed, I also jot down design ideas my that my field studies have ignited. In that sense, my research process is more like that of Leonardo da Vinci, in that I simultaneously undertake both scientific studies and design studies. And, like da Vinci, the ideas I research and develop evolve over time, with the roots of some stretching literally decades back. In a day and age in which independent scientists have become a rarity, it’s hard to gage how many others work in this way too. More generally, scientific field trips involve large teams working under tight time constraints and to very specific agendas, thus not necessarily able to take a transdisciplinary approach. Furthermore, working in this way is not for everyone. Some prefer to work on studies that are siloed, and in some instances that befits their research aims. Designing for a Resilient Future While researching and developing solutions inspired by pyrophytes (plants that have evolved to live with wildfire) will remain my focus, I am now expanding my R&D activities to re-integrate not only studies into how this class of extremophiles can inform and inspire design, but with them plants that have evolved to live with aridity, with flooding, and with other classes of natural hazard including storms. My original studies across these fields having been largely published between 2009 and 2016 as part of the Bionic City® project, I’ll be building on those early works. But, these new works will be researched and developed under another project which I am calling Extremophytic Architecture™, and which will comprise subclasses including both Pyrophytic Architecture™, of which my PhD thesis and its legacy works are a part, and Xerophytic Architecture™, which is the strand within which the concepts stemming from these recent desert field trips will sit. In the months ahead I’ll be sharing a series of open access essays that document some of the recent research and its outputs, as well as giving some interviews in podcasts and other formats. Image: Barrel cactus, taken by Melissa Sterry during a field trip in the Anza-Borrego Desert State Park in May 2024. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/wildfire-field-notes/design-for-wildfire-field-notes monthly 0.5 2025-04-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/3e01a213-d455-46dd-b162-633cd3d2b53c/IMG_1703.JPG Field Notes - field notes #1 “We must consider the distinctive characters and the general nature of plants from the point of view of their morphology, heir behaviour under external conditions, their mode of generation, and the whole course of their life”. Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants. Theophrastus and the Origins of Field Studies From the ‘Father of Botany’ onwards, Theophrastus (c.372-288 BC), natural philosophers - today better known as scientists - have understood that to truly comprehend the non-human world, we must undertake in natura studies - a concept that’s today better known as ‘field studies’. Family [tree] Roots I first visited California in 1997 during a tour of the southwestern United States. My hosts for the trip were my maternal family, the late great Charlie Long and his wife Patty. The former, like many members of my maternal lineage, had a very pragmatic mind. Read through the records of our ancestors dating back to the 1500s and one finds numerous individuals whose careers involved working out complex, yet practical problems, from my great grandfather, who was the master builder of one of the largest aqueducts in Southern England - an aqueduct that was built when its predecessor failed, despite having been designed by Britain’s most famous civil engineer, Isambard Kingdom Brunel - to umpteen mining engineers and miners more generally, of whom many were part of the diaspora out of Redruth and wider Cornwall in the 19th century and to California, wider Western United States, South Africa, Australia, Chile, and more places with ‘gold in them there hills’. Like our predecessors, Charlie was adept at working out an array of engineering issues. He used that talent to work out the technicalities of grading roads, laying building foundations, and implementing utilities in often challenging terrains in the hills of San Diego County. However, his expertise didn’t end there. Having grown up in a place where wildfires are native, he’d learned a lot about their behaviour. His knowledge fused both his own hands-on experience of dealing with the challenge and that which had been imparted to him from his friends and peers, including members of the Native American community of whom the ancestors have lived with wildfires for millennia. A few years prior to that visit, I had already begun exploring biomaterials and biodesign, conceiving the world’s first circular fashion collection — before the term ‘circular design’ had even been coined. Though yet to graduate from my Bachelors design degree, I realised it would be many years before the fashion industry would take so much as a passing interest in the likes of compostable apparel as a way to help mitigate the growing issue of waste to landfill. Nonetheless, it was during that time - some three decades ago - that the seeds of my future research had already been planted. Learning from the Land and Local Knowledge While much of that inaugural visit was consumed by an extensive tour encompassing swathes of California, Arizona, and Nevada, the rest had been spent in and around the family home just outside the historic town of Julian. During that time I’d learned about some of the extraordinary native plants, of which some I had collected samples, including a Coulter pine specimen - as seen on the homepage - which is larger than the one on display at Natural History Museum in London, and with it, all other natural history museums I have so far visited, including the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. My hosts had kindly imparted all manner of local knowledge, including insights about wildfires and living at the interface of wildlands more generally, such as how to avoid getting stung, bitten, or otherwise injured or killed by the many local ‘critters’ as they called them. The knowledge they imparted was invaluable and timeless in its application - as relevant today or tomorrow as it was a century or more ago. Having lived in and with the likes of wildfires and potentially dangerous creatures including venomous snakes, spiders, scorpions, and more, they, like many within their community, know and understand them in a way that no amount of reading can ever replicate. A Firsthand Account of the 2003 Cedar Fire In late October 2003, the hills of San Diego Country hit the global news channels as the fiercest wildfire on modern record ripped through the region. Tuning into the television, from across The Atlantic, my family and I watched forests ablaze with flames towering tens of feet above the canopy. Never before had I seen scenes like that, not even when the Yellowstone fires had happened in 1988. Looking at the map and the wind direction, we realised the wildfires were on a direct path towards Julian, and called cousin Charlie to get an update. Having evacuated the rest of the family, he and his neighbour were preparing to defend their homes against the fires. They had already created firebreaks, rigged water pumps, and formulated a last-resort plan: if all else failed, they would take refuge in a lake on his property. Their preparedness paid off — their homes survived while many others were lost. In some parts of the Global North this level of direct action and bravery is rare, but, among the communities native to places like the hills of San Diego county, it’s par for the course. Merging Design, Science, and Sustainability By 2011, my career had expanded beyond fashion into sustainable innovation. In the early 2000s, I had founded one of the world’s first sustainability think tanks and consultancies, focusing on the intersection of design, arts, and media. Earlier still, in 2009, I’d co-founded a sustainable design initiative which, engaging 30 experts across the field, and supported by a few dozen partners, including several leading professional bodies, together with universities, and civic institutions, was concerned with educating companies in the built environment on frontier developments in the field. Through that endeavour it became clear that there was finally enough traction to return to the problem of finding solutions to human design problems through the study of living organisms and the ecosystems they form. In 2010 I had started self-funded and designed a PhD programme to explore how mimicry of organisms that have evolved to live with natural hazards could inform architectural and urban resilience. Initiated at University of Salford, I then migrated the PhD to University of Greenwich in 2011, soon after which I realised I would need to focus on one, not several natural hazards. But, which one? Why Wildfire at the Wildland-Urban-Interface? The decision to focus my PhD on the potential to build resilience to wildfires through the mimicry of biota that evolved to live with wildfires was born of three factors, It became clear that there was a critical knowledge gap of and at a time when the problem of wildfires at the wildland urban interface was fast scaling in size, frequency, and complexity. Fire has been integral to the evolution of humans physically, intellectually, and emotionally since the prior, even, to the advent of our species. Thus re-examining humanity’s with wildfire posed intellectually stimulating questions. The insights I had gleaned during that first visit to San Diego County - in tandem with the fact that I had a family connection to the problem. The draft of my thesis had included an anecdote that acknowledged the pivotal role of my late cousin Charlie in my choice of specialisation. Sadly, the contents of PhD theses restricted to empirical data and other sources of peer-reviewed information, I was asked to remove it, hence why it is missing from the final draft, as published in 2018. The Irreplaceable Value of in Natura Studies In the years since my first visit to San Diego County, many have been the methods that I have used to gain insight into fire ecology and issues of wildfire more generally, including readership of scientific papers, surveys, and other studies, reviews of copious data gathered from sensors of many and varied kind and spread across space, air, land, and sea, to interviews with foremost eminent experts worldwide, and more. Yet, none of these things have ever compensated for field and other on-site studies, and not least when seeking to understand how plants and other life forms co-exist with wildfires over space and time. Now, as back in Theophrastus’ time, field observations are an invaluable research tool. Ocular visits alone can imbue copious information on species, their populations, and the relations of those populations to biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) entities, assemblies, and events in their surroundings. Furthermore, in natura observations ensure that ideas in the abstract can be held up to reality, which when dealing with phenomenon as complex and as potentially dangerous as natural hazards is imperative. As I stated in my PhD, fire is not to be played with. Nor for that matter are other natural hazards, as lives, properties, livelihoods, and the integrity of ecosystems are among the many things that are on the line - the fire line. Furthermore, the impacts of these events are inter-related and cumulative. Digitising Field Research - the New Herbariums I had planned to head to San Diego County for another field trip in the year following the completion of my PhD, but events including the pandemic, among other things, put paid to that. But, thankfully, opportunity beckoned and in January and February of this year I was finally able to spend a few weeks at one in the same site that sparked - pun intended - inspiration all those many years ago. Today, unlike in the early years of my career, scientific observations, notes, and the like are not typically scribed by hand. Instead, I create digital herbariums of both static and moving images, together with voice and text notes, which are initially stored in my smartphone and an extenal hard drive, before being migrated to my laptop among other devices. I no longer have to wait until I return home to do secondary research on specimens and other findings, and can instead instantly pull up information while still in the field. While my field research is not wholly digitised, a large amount is. For example, though I still collect physical specimens where necessary, and make some hand drawn sketches and notes, field most observations are in digital not analgue form. I have no doubt were the likes of Leonardo da Vinci, Robert Hooke, and Alexander von Humboldt here today, they too would also build electronic herbariums and other achives that take a largely virtual not physical form. And, they like me, would feel excited at the new and emerging technologies that are expanding how we interrogate the environment - be it near, or far, situated at one end of the light spectrum, or another, or something else entirely. Today’s scientists have the benefit of having an array of technologies that are not only able to see that which is beyond the human senses to sense, but can be carried in a rucksack, or even in your hand. We can record things in two dimensions, three dimensions, and four. Perhaps as quantum computing evolves we might even expand to new dimensions in realms that science is yet to discern. From Biome to Biome, and Beyond During my latest stay San Diego County, I also had the opportunity to have a number of trips to other biome-types in the region, including those of the Anza-Borrego desert. Deserts already cover some 33% of Earth’s land surface and some climate trajectories suggest they will soon cover yet more. Having first examined desertification and other problems associated with deserts, including aridity and heat stress, during the early phases of my PhD programme, and through affiliated projects including Bionic City®, I decided it is time to revisit them. Thus, though my focus will remain on design for living with wildfire and affiliated hazards, in the coming years I will be extending my research to explore how we can live with aridity through the mimicry of desert plants and ecologies, and pursing field studies in the Anza-Borrego desert in May and June. As with my field studies more generally, research from these two studies will be used to conceptualise and develop new material and information systems, craft new architectural and urban design constructs, and more generally inform the biomimetic and ecomimetic ideas I am working with. Details of some of the developments will be shared in forthcoming keynotes, papers, and articles, and other works published here on Panarchic Codex®, among other places. Image: Chaparral, taken during ocular site visit in January 2024. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/wildfire-field-notes/category/Laboratory+notes monthly 0.5 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/wildfire-field-notes/category/Field+Notes monthly 0.5 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/wildfire-field-notes/tag/Field+notes monthly 0.5 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/pyrofutures-future-of-wildfires daily 0.75 2025-01-22 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/pyrofutures-future-of-wildfires/the-future-of-wildfires-from-carbon-sinks-to-carbon-sources monthly 0.5 2025-04-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/cc0cd3d6-f08b-47e0-986a-ca83b9573fb7/IMG_2093.JPG Pyrofutures - The Future of Wildfires As part of a series of articles designed to make my scientific research more accessible, select works have been translated by artificial intelligence that’s been trained using an array of my published works, including chapters from Panarchistic Architecture (2018). These translations have replaced specialist terminology and references with that which will be legible to non-specialists with an interest to learn more about the challenge of living with wildfire. Wildfires are a defining force in shaping our environment. Their frequencies and intensities are rapidly changing due to a culmination of factors. Rising temperatures, prolonged droughts, and dry vegetation are creating a feedback loop of carbon emissions and accelerating climate change. Wildfires also influence air quality, weather patterns, and glacial stability, while turning forests from carbon sinks to sources. Adapting to an age in which wildfire is so prevelant that leading fire historian Stephen Pyne has dubbed it the ‘Pyrocene’ requires blending science, policy, and public education. This essay highlights how to navigate this new fire epoch, communities must confront the escalating and highly complex risks of living on an inherently flammable planet. Extract “Why Wildfires Are Increasing The rise in wildfire activity isn’t random. It’s the result of several factors working together. Natural causes, like lightning, remain a significant trigger, especially in boreal forests. But human actions—such as clearing land for farming, urban expansion into fire-prone areas, and accidental ignitions — are increasingly responsible for devastating blazes, especially in tropical forests and regions near urban development. Between 2001 and 2023, the loss of tree cover in boreal forests grew by an average of 3.6% annually, driven largely by wildfires. Globally, the area burned by forest fires increased by 5.4% per year from 2001 to 2019. These trends highlight how fire behaviour is shifting across different ecosystems and regions. A Changing Climate Fuels the Fire As was predicted, climate change is converging with other issues to create perfect (fire) storms. Rising temperatures, prolonged droughts, and reduced moisture in vegetation make it easier for fires to ignite and spread. In 2023, Canada experienced its worst wildfire season on modern record, with nearly 7.8 million hectares of forests burned. These fires released almost 3 billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere, contributing to a 16% jump in global fire-related carbon emissions. On average, wildfires now release between 5 and 8 billion tons of CO2 annually. This creates a dangerous feedback loop: wildfires release CO2, which worsens climate change, leading to even more wildfires. It’s a vicious cycle that’s referred to as "climate whiplash." The Impact of Wildfires Beyond the Flames Wildfires don’t just destroy trees and homes; they also have ripple effects on the environment. For example: Air Quality: Wildfire smoke contains fine particles that can travel thousands of miles and have atmospheric effects. Glaciers and Ice Sheets: Ash from wildfires can settle on glaciers, reducing their ability to reflect sunlight and accelerating melting. Weather Patterns: Large fires can influence local weather, creating conditions that make lightning more likely and rainfall less so. Despite these and other widespread impacts, public understanding of wildfire dynamics often lags behind. Simplistic or politically motivated narratives dominate media coverage, leaving many unaware of the full scope of wildfire consequences at local and global scales.” Read ‘The Future of Wildfires’ in full here. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/pyrofutures-future-of-wildfires/pyro-futures-framing-the-future-of-wildfires-now monthly 0.5 2025-04-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/017b94f5-2aaf-4c61-8db1-4f6234a9da48/Wildfire+Smoke.jpg Pyrofutures - PyroFutures 2025 (Wildland) https://www.panarchiccodex.com/pyrofutures-future-of-wildfires/scorched-earth-understanding-wildfire-behaviour-in-a-warming-world monthly 0.5 2025-04-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/49663adb-9447-40d7-bad9-f5a9eaf6382c/Smoke.jpg Pyrofutures - Scorched Earth As part of a series of articles designed to make my scientific research more accessible, select works have been translated by artificial intelligence that’s been trained using an array of my published works, including chapters from Panarchistic Architecture (2018). These translations have replaced specialist terminology and references with that which will be legible to non-specialists with an interest to learn more about the challenge of living with wildfire. Wildfires, an essential ecological process, are undergoing dramatic transformations due to factors including climate change. In a warming world, the frequency, intensity, and behaviour of wildfires in the United States are diverging from historical norms, posing profound challenges to ecosystems and human communities alike. This essay, synthesised from Panarchistic Architecture, delves into the interplay between climate feedback loops, ecological dynamics, and evolving fire cycles. Key themes include escalating fire frequency driven by rising temperatures and prolonged droughts, intensifying severity due to fuel accumulation, and novel fire behaviours like mega-fires and self-sustaining feedback loops. The cascading impacts on biodiversity, carbon storage, and ecosystem resilience highlight the urgency of adaptive strategies. By exploring innovative management approaches and climate mitigation efforts, this article sheds light on how ecosystems and societies can prepare for a fiery future while embracing the potential for renewal and adaptation. Extract “PyroFutures: Understanding the Future of Wildfires in the USA Wildfires are a natural and integral part of many ecosystems, playing a critical role in maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity. However, with the rapid acceleration of climate change and its cascading effects, the future of wildfires in the United States is poised to diverge significantly from historical norms. Examining these changes through the lenses of frequency, intensity, severity, and behaviour reveals the potential for profound ecological transformations. These dimensions of wildfire activity are evolving, focusing on the impacts to wildlands and the natural environment. Below, we explore how. Frequency of Wildfires: Escalating Incidents in a Changing Climate The frequency of wildfires in the United States is projected to increase in many regions due to the interplay between changing climatic conditions and ecosystem dynamics. Rising temperatures, prolonged droughts, and shifting vegetation patterns create environments highly conducive to ignition. In forested regions such as the western United States, where fire suppression policies have led to the accumulation of dense, combustible undergrowth, the potential for frequent fires is especially acute. Historical fire suppression has disrupted natural fire regimes, resulting in ecosystems that are now more vulnerable to frequent ignition. Coupled with the influence of warming temperatures, these areas are experiencing fire seasons that extend beyond their historical bounds. For example, the southern Rocky Mountains and California's forests are seeing more days per year with the hot, dry, and windy conditions that foster fire outbreaks. Notably, this frequency shift is not uniform. Arid regions experiencing desertification may see fewer fires due to a lack of vegetation to act as fuel. However, where fires do occur, their behaviour is likely to differ markedly, potentially favouring rapid but spatially limited spread due to low fuel availability.” Read the article ‘Scorched Earth’ in full here. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/pyrofutures-future-of-wildfires/wildland-fire-trajectories-to-2100 monthly 0.5 2025-04-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1d3f745e-3ffc-4b75-81af-a96121259388/Wildlands.jpg Pyrofutures - PyroFutures (Wildland) Wildfires, emblematic of Earth's dynamic ecosystems, are both agents and indicators of environmental change. PyroFutures: Wildland Fire Trajectories (2018) explores the complex interplay between wildfire regimes and global climatic shifts. In an era of intensifying climatic uncertainty, forecasting wildfire behaviour becomes a critical endeavour, with implications for ecological resilience, land management, and human safety. Drawing upon the palaeological record and contemporary modelling, this thesis chapter investigates how historical fire patterns and evolutionary responses inform our understanding of potential future scenarios. The interdependence of climate, vegetation, and ignition patterns underscores wildfire’s role as a synecological unit, responsive to local and global changes. Highlighting phenomena such as the reconfiguration of ecological communities and the feedback loops linking wildfires to climate systems, the chapter examines the adaptability of species and ecosystems amidst environmental pressures. From boreal forests to Mediterranean shrublands, and from drought-induced die-offs to the escalating frequency of extreme fire events, it addresses the pressing need for a paradigm shift in Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) planning. By synthesising historical data, theoretical frameworks, and emerging research, PyroFutures offers a lens through which to anticipate the cascading effects of wildfires in a warming world, advocating adaptive strategies to navigate this formidable environmental challenge. Extract “Uncertain though Earth’s climatological future may be (Stern, 2006), humanity nonetheless has the capacity to anticipate how and why shifts in land, sea, and air temperatures may impact upon planetary systems. As discussed earlier, the palaeological record illuminates how “biogeochemical cycles” (Schneider, 1997), and the abiotic and biotic components thereof, have historically responded to climatic shifts. Contrary to the views of some conservationists, whereupon species were to remain in states of dispersal and population stasis [i.e. within set geographical ranges] their extinction would be not prevented, but accelerated. Several dozen paleobiological studies have made evident that at the scales of temperature change as both theoretical and computer modelling assert may occur in the near-term future, though, as Darwin anticipated (2008), floral and faunal species will shift their geographical ranges, they will do so not uniformly (Levin, 1999; Schneider, 1997; Botkin 1992, 2012): a species need not be on an anthropogenically defined ‘guest list’ to ‘get in’ to an ecosystem. Instead, ecological communities, which are “loosely defined assemblages of role players”, which within fire regimes include evaders, resistors, and endurers, will reconfigure in space and time not as superorganisms “with a common purpose and destiny” (Levin, 1999, p.33), but as individual species of which the physiological and behavioural capacity, symbiotic and otherwise, for climatic and wider environmental adaption varies from one unto another. Therein lies a truth in Gaia Theory [as distinct from the earlier Gaia hypothesis] in that, in the generic sense of the term, “life” is “tightly coupled with the air, the oceans, and the surface rocks” (Lovelock, 2016, p.xviii): life is beholden unto the biochemical constraints with which it coevolves (Ward, 2009). From one geological epoch to another, trees have “moved, but old forests disappeared” (Schneider, 1997, p.94). Given the now innumerable ways in which humanity obstructs floral and faunal movements, be it building border walls, monocultures, shipping lanes, railways, flight paths, or levels of noise and/or light pollution so great as to undermine animal navigation sensory capacities, none are they as can accurately predict the extent to which non-human life will endure any such environmental changes as lay ahead. But, that several of the plant genera that have been discussed in this thesis, such as the conifer and the oak, have not merely survived, but thrived throughout climatic conditions both within and beyond the range as may manifest in the years, decades, and centuries, ahead, is without question. The matter thereof is both supported by the findings as have already been discussed [i.e. climatological, geological, and dendrological records], and by the physiologies of the flora, or more specifically their leaves, which preserved as fossils reveal the atmospheric carbon dioxide level to which they were adapted through “the number of microscopic pores” on their surface (Beerling, 2017, p.29). In 2006, the Stern Review concluded that earlier speculations of future climate “were too optimistic”, stating “more recent evidence indicates that temperature changes resulting from BAU [business as usual] trends in emissions may exceed [a global mean surface temperature of] 2-3°C by the end of this century”, but that 5-6°C warming “is a real possibility” (Stern, p.ix). The IPCC’s 2013 assessment report predicted a marginally more conservative range of 1-3.7°C by the latter two decades of the century (Stocker et al, 2013). Should the lower of Stern’s estimates come to pass, mean surface temperatures would mirror those of the Mid-Pliocene Warm Period (McGuire, 2013), when Tundra and Taiga forests populated polar regions that are presently snow-capped, mid-high latitudes were 10-20°C warmer than today, of which the overall conclusion from “all model simulations” is that of “a generally warmer and wetter climate” (Salzmann et al, 2009, online). Given, “vegetation has greened across a third of the Arctic from 1982-2012” (Liberto, 2017, online); boreal forest wildfires in some regions now exceed the “fire regime limits of the past 10,000 years” (Kelly et al, 2013); and now numerous, microbes, mammals, and more faunal and floral species are re-populating polar regions and/or becoming more regionally productive, as each modifies the fast-changing territory as best befits their needs (Fountain, 2017; Dengler, R, 2017), we need no longer look merely to computer and theoretical models [Fig. 41], and the palaeological record to anticipate the near- medium term climate future.” Read ‘PyroFutures: Wildland Fire Trajectories’, in ‘Panarchistic Architecture’ in full here. Citation: Sterry, M. L., (2018) Panarchistic Architecture: Building Wildland-Urban Interface Resilience to Wildfire through Design Thinking, Practice and Building Codes Modelled on Ecological Systems Theory. PhD Thesis, Advanced Virtual and Technological Architecture Research [AVATAR] group, University of Greenwich, London. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/pyrofutures-future-of-wildfires/wildfires-and-humanity-a-crisis-at-the-crossroads-of-nature-and-development monthly 0.5 2025-04-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/045b53e6-c602-4f7d-9428-149010574154/WUI+post-fire+scene.jpg Pyrofutures - Wildfires and Humanity - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/pyrofutures-future-of-wildfires/pyrofutures-wildland-fire-trajectories monthly 0.5 2025-04-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/7ace37fe-02d2-4a35-8413-d1d241c090eb/WUI+post-fire.jpg Pyrofutures - PyroFutures (WUI) The wildland-urban interface (WUI) stands at the crossroads of nature and human development, a dynamic arena where environmental and societal forces collide. As global temperatures rise, urbanisation accelerates, and the spectre of climate change looms ever larger, the WUI faces unprecedented challenges. From devastating wildfires threatening millions of households to sea-level rise poised to submerge coastal cities, humanity finds itself grappling with an environmental crisis of biblical proportions. By 2100, projections suggest a mass displacement of populations, with potentially one-fifth of the global population classified as climate refugees. This upheaval will reshape the fabric of societies, economies, and geographies. Drawing from ancient narratives of environmental upheaval, ‘Panta Rhei: Wildland Urban Interface Forecasts to 2100 and beyond’, Chapter 6.3.2 in Panarchistic Architecture (2018) contextualises the emerging risks within the WUI against the historical interplay of civilisation and nature. It highlights the dual threats of inundation and incineration, delving into the cascading impacts on infrastructure, ecosystems, and human security. As urban sprawl encroaches further into fire-prone regions and coastal zones, the imperative for adaptive strategies grows more urgent. Will technological innovations, policy interventions, and sustainable urban planning suffice to mitigate these challenges? Or are we destined to repeat the cycles of hubris and fall chronicled through history? This chapter explores these questions, charting a path towards resilience in the face of uncertainty. Extract “It’s a tale, or rather a power struggle narrative, [at least] as old as [anthropogenically- recorded] time: prophet warns humanity to curtail its environmentally and socially wayward conduct; humanity ignores said prophet, thus elicits the wrath of all- powerful forces that unleash a series of punishments, of which the spatiotemporal dimensions are eschatological: marking the end of one world, and the beginning of another. Scribed in Sumerian and Akkadian clay tablets circa. 5tya, the oldest recorded incarnations thereof, including The Flood, Gilgamesh, and the myth to which the origin of ‘Pandora’ is attributed [129], the Epic of Creation (Dalley, 2008), emerged from an “inherently unpredictable natural world” (Leick, 2002, p.xviii). But, not merely in myth has global environmental change catalysed the destruction and the creation of civilisations, and of that which has emerged therefrom. The archaeological record evidences that, from the moment of their conception in the mythically- augmented [130] southern Mesopotamian city of Eridu, which founded in prehistory led the Ur-ban Revolution of the Uruk Period [circa. 6tya] cities have risen and fallen with tides and temperatures. Civilisation having developed during “a fortuitous lull following the end of a post-glacial storm” (McGuire, 2013, p.11), once again finds itself facing an environmental crisis of biblical proportions. Urbanisation proceeding apace from the 1700s, by 2000, more than 50% of the terrestrial biosphere constituted not biome, but “anthrome” [agricultural and urbanised land] (Bistinas et al, 2013, p.2), and if the projections of some are correct, that figure will rise as the century unfolds. Currently, just under 2m Californian households are at “high or extreme risk” from wildfires (Gardner, 2014). A study by Mann et al (2013) predicts that by 2050 this sum will have risen by 50%, as a further 12m wildland acres join the exurban land classes. However, in the still inherently unpredictable world that humanity inhabits, the figure could be yet greater than 3m. Climate change may make manifest the largest diaspora in all human history, as not millions, but hundreds of millions of people migrate en masse [131] in response to rising seas, desertification and land-degradation more generally, and as resultant conflicts ensue (Rigaud et al, 2018; Adger et al, 2014; Confine, 2014; Kimura, 2010; Brown, 2008; Stern et al, 2006). Worldwide, one person per second was displaced by conflict, violence or disasters during 2016, of which 24.2 million fled floods, storms, wildfires, and severe weather events (IDMC, 2018). While, of the sum thereof, just 1.1m were U.S. residents (Ibid), given the bandwidth of climate trajectories and environmental impacts as may result therefrom, here through 2100, both internal and inward migration, legal and otherwise, may rise sharply. Bringing perspective thereto, analysis by Geisler and Currens (2017), estimate that 1/5 people will be climate refugees by 2100. The direction of travel inland as coastal regions become submerged by rising seas and storm surges, the scale of movement may be so great as for military strategists to consider U.S. national and international security at threat (Carrington, 2016). Amongst others, the World Bank considers humanity so “badly prepared” to deal with the scale and speed of the changes as may occur as to place the global economy at risk (Elliot, 2016), the conclusion thereof echoing that which peers have privately expressed since the early 2000s. Read ‘Panta Rhei: Wildland Urban Interface Forecasts to 2100 and beyond’, in ‘Panarchistic Architecture’ in full here. Citation: Sterry, M. L., (2018) Panarchistic Architecture: Building Wildland-Urban Interface Resilience to Wildfire through Design Thinking, Practice and Building Codes Modelled on Ecological Systems Theory. PhD Thesis, Advanced Virtual and Technological Architecture Research [AVATAR] group, University of Greenwich, London. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/pyrofutures-future-of-wildfires/category/Academic monthly 0.5 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/pyrofutures-future-of-wildfires/category/AI+Translations monthly 0.5 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/pyrofutures-future-of-wildfires/tag/Pyrofutures monthly 0.5 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/support-design-for-wildfire-school daily 0.75 2025-05-11 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/support-design-for-wildfire-school/partnerships monthly 0.5 2025-04-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/569d9c46-fd11-4ac0-a587-eda29dd9585c/IMG_1633.jpg Support Design for Wildfire school - Partnerships - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/support-design-for-wildfire-school/patronage monthly 0.5 2025-04-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/d90eccd1-bf66-4ff0-8324-1d4e1e3b466d/Design+Studio+lab+desk.jpg Support Design for Wildfire school - Patronage - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/support-design-for-wildfire-school/sponsorship monthly 0.5 2025-04-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/86116f07-99e3-4e78-92fe-60f731e57513/Design+for+Wildfire+studio+lab.jpg Support Design for Wildfire school - Sponsorship - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/support-design-for-wildfire-school/category/Sponsorship monthly 0.5 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/support-design-for-wildfire-school/category/Partnerships monthly 0.5 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/support-design-for-wildfire-school/category/Patronage monthly 0.5 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/support-design-for-wildfire-school/tag/Sponsorship monthly 0.5 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/support-design-for-wildfire-school/tag/Partnerships monthly 0.5 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/support-design-for-wildfire-school/tag/Patronage monthly 0.5 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/biot-biological-internet-of-things daily 0.75 2025-05-11 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/biot-biological-internet-of-things/chips-to-cells-biocircuits-and-biological-coding monthly 0.5 2025-02-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/c45a8a4e-2356-4f22-9982-af7bfc271ef0/Pyri-CONE+surface+study+2018.jpg (B)IOT - Biological Internet of Things - Chips to Cells - Make it stand out Image: Early surface exploration for seminal biomimetic wildfire sensing concept Pyri-CONE™, which inspired by serotinous cones that are native to California, was first described in Panarchistic Architecture (2018). The device, of which the name was coined from pyriscence - the scientific term that is used to describe seed release that has been triggered by wildfire - autonomously senses and processes environmental data using a combination of biochemical and ballistic (mechanical) processes that mimic those of the pinecones that inspired it. One of several unprecendented design concepts developed during the first-in-kind PhD research programme, this environmental sensor functions in an essentially passive way, in that it does not require an energy source, as it is instead activated by the melting of resins that hold its external parts together. This process - shown here in a still from an animated visualisation that conveys the material state change that takes place in response to the radiative heat from fire - then triggers the ballistic action that sends a signal to the biotechnological IOT network of which it is part. Like other components of the (B)IOT™, it enables real-time data to migrate across an ecologically smart environment network designed to enhance both wildfire resilience and recovery in the wildland-urban-interface. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/biot-biological-internet-of-things/bio-intelligent-urbanism-biocomputing-for-wildfire-resilience monthly 0.5 2025-02-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/414b7335-7f75-4d04-9136-90ad4df26e02/IMG_2299.JPG (B)IOT - Biological Internet of Things - Bio-Intelligent Urbanism - Make it stand out Image: Design for WIldfire school. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/biot-biological-internet-of-things/fire-smart-cities-how-emerging-technologies-will-shape-the-next-generation-of-fire-resilience monthly 0.5 2025-02-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/05de121e-e144-4208-9d3a-01c57add81a8/Root+network.jpg (B)IOT - Biological Internet of Things - Fire-Smart Cities - Make it stand out Image: Early sketch of BIOroot™ System Subsurface - a hybridised data sensing, processing, actuating, and storage network that monitors biotic moisture levels, atmospheric humidity, below and above surface chemical and heat signatures, and other environmental information imperative to informing wildfire resilience and recovery actions. First described in Panarchistic Architecture (2018), like other components of the (B)IOT™ - biological Internet of Things, it enables real-time data to migrate across an ecologically smart environment network designed to enhance both wildfire resilience and recovery in the wildland-urban-interface. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/biot-biological-internet-of-things/the-role-of-bio-sensing-in-wildfire-prevention monthly 0.5 2025-02-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/8d488f90-f1cf-4ce6-8cce-034958f3fee4/Design+for+Wildfire+soil+lab.jpeg (B)IOT - Biological Internet of Things - Sensors to Structures - Make it stand out Image: Design for Wildfire school. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/biot-biological-internet-of-things/wildfire-resilience-network monthly 0.5 2025-02-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/888475d1-8e57-4857-bd9f-c628b9c2bfdb/IMG_2221.JPG (B)IOT - Biological Internet of Things - Sparks to Signals - Make it stand out Image: One of several iterations of the seminal biomimetic wildfire sensing concept Pyri-CONE™, which inspired by serotinous cones that are native to California, was first described in Panarchistic Architecture (2018). The device, of which the name was coined from pyriscence - the scientific term that is used to describe seed release that has been triggered by wildfire - autonomously senses and processes environmental data using a combination of biochemical and ballistic processes that mimic those of the pinecones that inspired it. One of several unprecendented design concepts developed during the PhD research programme, this environmental sensor functions in an essentially passive way, in that it does not require an energy source, as it is activated by the melting of resins that hold its external parts together. This process then triggers the ballistic action that sends a signal to the biotechnological IOT network of which it is part. Like other components of the (B)IOT™, it enables real-time data to migrate across an ecologically smart environment network designed to enhance both wildfire resilience and recovery in the wildland-urban-interface. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/biot-biological-internet-of-things/encoding-the-future-dna-as-a-blueprint-for-sustainable-cities monthly 0.5 2025-02-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/8793bacd-b118-4e4a-b32c-a06d151da791/BIObark+close-up.jpg (B)IOT - Biological Internet of Things - Encoding the Future - Make it stand out Image: Dr. Sterry’s seminal concept Retardant BIObark™ - a bio-inspired wildfire resilience exterior cladding system, from Panarchistic Architecture, 2018. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/biot-biological-internet-of-things/category/%28B%29IOT monthly 0.5 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/biot-biological-internet-of-things/category/Academic monthly 0.5 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Bay, New South Wales, Australia, on December 31, 2019, highlighting natural and enhanced colors. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1588602116146-UDUEZPJ70YERPXQV93NF/49307592037_ce5e28e7ca_c.jpg Pierre Markuse Satellite image of bushfires near Batemans Bay, New South Wales, Australia, showing smoke and clouds. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1588603096476-5B13R1FO1E6AVIJHTHO9/49307591517_96777c4837_c.jpg Pierre Markuse Satellite view of bushfires near Batemans Bay, New South Wales, Australia, showing smoke and fire on December 31, 2019. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1588603260031-9YQBJPWXIJUFTWL3YWD7/44881861625_76206e8d1f_c.jpg Pierre Markuse Aerial view of the Camp Fire in Butte County, California, showing extensive smoke and flames on November 8, 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1588603268475-JI4WZ5F7OL1BMMLD1NQA/44927327685_134d147e4a_c.jpg Pierre Markuse Satellite image of the Camp Fire in California, showing large plumes of smoke and visible flames on November 11, 2018. The image includes natural color with infrared highlights. Surrounding areas display forested and agricultural land. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1588603361593-77RW0P9DM0YH9HGV0GBD/42496917074_6ac4c6732c_c.jpg Pierre Markuse Satellite view of California's County Fire, showing smoke and burned areas, July 4, 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1588603372197-VC0MBZSDZ645HQPKZDBW/46829149362_84720ce9af_c.jpg Pierre Markuse Satellite image showing wildfires near Lake Echo, Tasmania, Australia, with bright orange flames and smoke visible through clouds. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1588603414874-NMM1Q59P8MTRL5WJQWB8/49052863573_bc22cd0df1_c.jpg Pierre Markuse Satellite image of smoke plumes from New South Wales bushfires, Australia, over the ocean, with visible clouds and land areas. The image includes enhanced natural colors and is processed with an infrared overlay. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1588603427518-8AH7WKJAXLZIGIMS380W/49362400213_0f81efc29f_c.jpg Pierre Markuse Satellite image showing bushfire-affected areas in Australia with smoke clouds. Vegetation and terrain are visible, highlighting affected and unaffected regions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1588603458221-9B3O6YRJPXU0GE9I6TT2/49363073717_804de14ae1_c.jpg Pierre Markuse Satellite image of a forest fire in Australia, showing areas of burnt land in reddish-brown, green vegetation, and smoke. A large water body is visible in the lower center. Taken by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 satellite. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1588603489917-FFBZ4HNT3YLR1DWGOYTO/41331765335_4466f2d4bd_c.jpg Pierre Markuse Satellite view of snow-covered landscape near Sisimiut, Greenland, showing burn scars and a partially frozen body of water. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1588603508740-VAI8N4YZGADUXKC9PJFW/41331764015_4e35c4213d_c.jpg Pierre Markuse Satellite image of Greenland showing a wildfire burn scar near Sisimiut with snow cover in dramatic color contrasts from NIR/SWIR processing. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1588603522073-WBWLKCT58ZYFIAMGEZFD/40782074380_a131e5c503_c.jpg Pierre Markuse Satellite imagery of wildfires in Amur Oblast, Russia, showing infrared highlights of affected areas. The image depicts dense green forest areas and dark regions indicating burned land, with visible smoke and fire hotspots. Taken on June 3, 2018, using modified Copernicus Sentinel data. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1588603549554-8T2TMJNPBIYUUVCOQ6K8/41774303634_0bf621e92e_c.jpg Pierre Markuse Satellite image showing wildfires in Amur Oblast, Russia, with red areas indicating burn scars, green for vegetation, and black representing water bodies. Captured May 29, 2018, using NIR/SWIR and infrared highlights. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1588603564490-ILRCFRQBU4Z6JI77WIR9/48150705012_68e41b1073_c.jpg Pierre Markuse Satellite image of Swan Lake Fire in Sterling, Alaska, showing smoke and fire spread, dated June 27, 2019. Image is a NIR/SWIR view from Copernicus Sentinel data. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1588603593226-P0SB76LQID77OXG2OCLU/48150617681_058022ec2e_c.jpg Pierre Markuse Satellite image of Swan Lake Fire in Alaska showing smoke, fire hotspots, and surrounding landscape. June 27, 2019. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1588603653551-L8S49MF1BOF65GQTOI8L/29328011818_d1a8cd6f26_c.jpg Pierre Markuse Satellite image of Spring Creek Fire, Colorado, USA, taken on July 3, 2018, showing areas affected by fire and smoke, processed with Copernicus Sentinel data (2018). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1588603675238-CK806EFFN9HTAWMM03MN/27625959097_3df73ae9a4_c.jpg Pierre Markuse Satellite image of wildfires in Amur Oblast, Russia, dated May 31, 2018, showing smoke and burnt areas. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1588603706824-F57KWEG8BMAZ9KVUG6L4/49150839673_975e8bb997_c.jpg Pierre Markuse Satellite image of bushfires in New South Wales, Australia, showing areas of vegetation and smoke. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1588603794044-LTNUONWBXCWW5FM83HBQ/35382432193_bb429cfc8e_c.jpg Pierre Markuse Satellite image of the Detwiler Fire in Mariposa County, California, USA, from July 25th, 2017, showing burned areas and natural landscapes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1588603802468-AG0RHQG42XBEVUF1O1EZ/35621630372_2ef5125f2a_c.jpg Pierre Markuse Satellite image of Burro Fire in Pima County, Arizona, showing burn scars, active fire fronts, and smoke on July 4, 2017. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1588603838677-NNR2DDGC1E8IK7KJMXWC/35621630372_2ef5125f2a_c.jpg Pierre Markuse Satellite view of Burro Fire in Pima County, Arizona, showing burned areas, smoke, and active fire fronts in July 2017. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1588603978936-PBHZGQVPGGH3H0C1P56N/49306755477_ec1034490e_c.jpg Pierre Markuse Satellite image of bushfires in New South Wales, Australia, with smoke plumes, December 2019. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/conclusions daily 0.75 2025-12-01 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/stephen-pyne daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1590604874462-J3SO9390Q1WZDEUZ2CO5/Screen+Shot+2020-05-27+at+20.38.09.png Stephen Pyne A composite image showing a large wildfire on the left and a smiling man in a blue shirt and cap on the right. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1590605028028-HNURHCIJ2OV3QZDZSYUO/26623970317_4c72f52cdd_k.jpg Stephen Pyne Satellite image showing a large wildfire with smoke plumes in an agricultural landscape, featuring fields and patches of vegetation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1590605060299-KAO8AGJH0TW0DHAV3W54/26623965267_0d95db3f6c_k.jpg Stephen Pyne Satellite image of a wildfire showing intense red and orange flames with surrounding smoke. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/future-of-wildfires daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/phil-murphy daily 0.75 2020-08-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1596557366467-OIC6MTP5OOCCT9D7BX1V/43390057061_4c30540a6e_b.jpg Phil Murphy A building under construction is covered with white scaffolding. Two large banners are displayed. The left banner shows a green heart, and the right banner reads "Grenfell Forever in Our Hearts." https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1596557469020-GPZS8Y62NY8FWIKOF2FH/35353492476_e9b2bbae4c_b.jpg Phil Murphy Charred exterior of a high-rise building with broken windows and damaged façade after a fire. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1596562764856-HWTJ6GXXXBQMF9KC9KI9/1.jpg Phil Murphy Firefighter on ladder spraying water at large smoke cloud https://www.panarchiccodex.com/robert-muir-wood daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1601135302419-NF943V53TSSY3EJ3QN3U/50348569616_1dd6c82f42_k+copy.jpg Robert Muir-Wood Satellite view of wildfires in a mountainous region with smoke plumes over surrounding areas. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1601140181716-1DT2M0HK4884JJUSAQS8/40621160895_d1881a4975_k.jpg Robert Muir-Wood Satellite view of arid landscape with patchwork of agricultural fields, natural terrain features, and a large reservoir. 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A river or water body is visible, and sparse urban areas appear at the bottom. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1601138904234-1KFS8XFLHMMAKYWBT95W/2.jpg Robert Muir-Wood Aerial view of coastal landscape with turquoise waters, islands, and marshlands. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/krista-west daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1606577962332-T179005UVE099VIP35XN/Krista+West+1.jpg Krista West Satellite image of a wildfire spreading across mountainous terrain with visible areas of smoke and active flames. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1606578102976-ADAW8QX6UOZYSF2S9528/Krista+West+2.jpg Krista West Satellite view of a coastal area with smoke from wildfires over mountains near the sea. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1606578213073-8ADUOL5ZNORAK7C2OFYT/Krista+West+3.jpg Krista West Satellite image showing a large wildfire with smoke spreading over a forested and rural area, including agricultural fields and a town. Visible terrain features and a scale bar indicating distances. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/kiran-pereira daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1612296262015-F354SI66A1M79ZF2XEC8/curioso-photography-pqN82ZS6OsI-unsplash.jpg Kiran Pereira Aerial view of a quarry with turquoise water and sand banks, showing machinery and equipment on dirt paths, and piles of materials. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1612296351393-31F4DWLV9WU9WL56UHGO/jaromir-kavan-fIRYvvCnQYI-unsplash.jpg Kiran Pereira Aerial view of a partially submerged ship in a green water body surrounded by sandy terrain. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1612296544080-AHCWIGMTTMUUZNMFSTWH/dynamic-wang-iUe90yZ_5zM-unsplash.jpg Kiran Pereira Textured sand with patterns formed by water flow https://www.panarchiccodex.com/craig-clements daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/4ba3a7bd-82de-4754-ac3c-77a26a130b06/50348569616_1dd6c82f42_k.jpg Craig Clements Satellite view of wildfires in mountainous terrain, showing smoke plumes and fire hotspots. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/558e0867-8a02-44c3-a25f-427318bf7d79/50352015888_cadb338ece_k.jpg Craig Clements Satellite image showing a wildfire with visible smoke and flames. Surrounding areas appear to be a mix of landscapes, including green patches and a large body of water. Haze from the smoke covers parts of the image. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/83f729b3-6d3a-41b2-b741-a1ec54e27ef9/50401114186_10311fcbc9_k.jpg Craig Clements Satellite image of forest fire smoke and flames https://www.panarchiccodex.com/raquel-partelli-feltrin daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/6e67b015-546c-4588-952e-8099210f8b64/fire+scar.jpg Raquel Partelli-Feltrin Plant stem cross-section under microscope showing vascular bundles and cells stained purple and blue, with a scale bar indicating 200 micrometers. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/ec4f61ff-24df-4d94-8a35-d4ead8f2fb54/Raquel_coverFIRE.jpg Raquel Partelli-Feltrin A small tree surrounded by purple flames in a dark environment, highlighting fire testing or controlled burning. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/a494c4cc-151c-4386-a08d-15837b2cd296/white+pine.JPG Raquel Partelli-Feltrin Microscopic cross-section of a plant stem showing vascular bundles and cellular structure in purple and pink hues. 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https://www.panarchiccodex.com/epochal-architectural-shift daily 0.75 2025-12-01 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/case-studies-fire-regimes-yellowstone-1988 daily 0.75 2025-11-30 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/case-studies-part-i-southern-california-fire-complex-2003 daily 0.75 2025-11-30 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/case-studies-part-i-southern-california-fire-complex-2007 daily 0.75 2025-11-30 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/case-study-2-2003-southern-california-fire-complex daily 0.75 2025-12-01 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/case-study-3-2007-southern-california-fire-complex daily 0.75 2025-12-01 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/case-study-1-1988-yellowstone-fire-complex daily 0.75 2025-12-01 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/thomas-swetnam daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/e9c8e9d5-cba4-4b8c-9e51-b183303d15f2/jacob-spencer-_Qi-wYg49-0-unsplash.jpg Tom Swetnam Close-up of burning wood with visible flames and embers inside a crack in the tree trunk. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/55216e79-41ea-4d8e-acf7-164d7e8f8335/patrick-fore-cvfv_hxr0-M-unsplash.jpg Tom Swetnam Close-up of tree rings and cracks on a wooden log cross-section https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/d8fe16a6-6ed3-4259-805e-bec404565f8e/chad-peltola-Yoqi404MJ8M-unsplash.jpg Tom Swetnam Foggy landscape with tall, bare trees in a dry field and a curving dirt road. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/interviews-from-the-interface daily 0.75 2025-11-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1638636618674-W0F4F148LWAEUWCO8J6Z/1.png From the Interface https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1638636735375-5G9BZ1HP4GLBYLBWWS0G/Pyne.png From the Interface https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1638636792814-E31MDDQSL3LXBMTIKZ54/Murphy.png From the Interface https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1638638148419-4UEZGTVJ1HYSL7NQNT04/Muir+Woods.png From the Interface https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1638638204827-6WDA0FYJXVS9EEZPKSLP/Krista+West.png From the Interface https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1638638232002-UVDQGREBXQG6AVUNEQG1/Kiran+Pereira.png From the Interface https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1638638927636-PZG680C7NADFAFL730YQ/Swetnam.png From the Interface https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1638638848454-YEI0DAPGMZFQZK3R7CYH/Clements.png From the Interface https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1638638822318-LLLF24EEPMDUOM84W69Q/Partelli+Feltrin.png From the Interface https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1642177197217-RGMDRCY2EU4WT8I0F9P7/Costa.png From the Interface https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1642177221020-ZUJ7DAHSR92HN4V2Y9KH/Corby.png From the Interface https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/53b561a7-a322-445e-a30d-bf7e7604d390/Screenshot+2023-09-29+at+21.01.20.png From the Interface https://www.panarchiccodex.com/pyrofuturism daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/tom-corby daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/afe981cd-affc-4780-accf-6334ea8380a0/IMG_0409.JPG Tom Corby Sculptural artwork resembling a textured sphere with intricate surface details https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/e2debe41-c7b3-43bc-88ce-cb949e3f6930/DSC00635.jpg Tom Corby Intricate white circular model with dense cityscape-like structures on a flat surface. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/2b773636-7e71-4282-aedf-042f402de46a/IMG_0386.JPG Tom Corby Gray textured dome-shaped object likely a stone or sculpture https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/95f27ef3-9cbc-4e83-bf5a-6233018804c9/forrest+fires.jpg Tom Corby Multiple 3D rendered spherical objects with rough surfaces, arranged in a grid. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/614f1da6-6857-409d-8c20-e4efb7a42ca5/Screenshot+2021-12-10+at+19.08.14.png Tom Corby Night view of the Palace of Westminster and Elizabeth Tower under renovation, illuminated with blue lights. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/8aaa4556-ed95-443d-9c89-8197b0588dc7/IMG_0369.JPG Tom Corby Array of spherical, textured, gray sculptures arranged on a white surface. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/c6d51524-6def-49e1-a4b7-fd897e11375d/Screenshot+2021-12-10+at+19.14.02.png Tom Corby Street scene at night with a projection on a wall displaying the message "5°C FULL EXTINCTION EVENT," and people standing around. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/33387757-6630-455c-b154-bbfb316a7328/IMG_0397.JPG Tom Corby Close-up of a porous, textured rock or object on a white background https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/0abc2166-274c-434d-aa26-d333cfa3f386/DSC00633.jpg Tom Corby Intricate white circular sculpture resembling a topographical map, with detailed patterns and textures, displayed on a gray floor. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/fbe3ecb2-0d2e-4218-840e-69626de75ad7/IMG_0053.jpg Tom Corby Sign at COP26 venue entrance reading 'Welcome to COP26 Green Zone' with UK Government logo, adjacent to a digital display, outdoor modern architecture in the background. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/c28ba4f6-e4ec-4f45-85ab-df0f8567ae9b/IMG_0438.JPG Tom Corby A person's hand touching a textured, spiky white sphere, possibly a 3D-printed object or sculpture, on a flat surface. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/9cd35e75-25d8-4e0d-8e0e-84c5f456056b/IMG_0044.jpg Tom Corby Plaster spheres partially packaged in cardboard boxes with swirl design labels on a wooden floor. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/0a2556a0-0e47-49e0-9c4f-b20ecdf85abc/Screenshot+2021-12-10+at+19.24.01.png Tom Corby Person holding a white spherical object in both hands, wearing a white t-shirt with a colorful textured hexagonal design and a denim skirt, against a red background. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/pamphlets daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1641673388985-UYGN92GYFL6RFX3IKQX4/Panarchistic+Architecture.png Pamphlets https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1641673511730-VIYA6TSDSAILSP276OIA/Pyroarchetypes.png Pamphlets 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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1641768774182-XCLDEO2CG7P2SYE844BY/Pyroresistors.png Urban Design by Fire https://www.panarchiccodex.com/pyro-future daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/pyro-futures daily 0.75 2025-11-30 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/robin-daniels daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/416a3bd0-5658-457a-b940-4028e825a5f6/53114092249_c618222c0c_c.jpg Robin Daniels Satellite image of wildfires in Sakha Republic, Russia, displaying smoke plumes. Enhanced natural colors and infrared overlay highlight the affected landscape. Green areas represent vegetation, while red and gray indicate fire and smoke. Captured on August 19, 2023. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/320ca504-7d4b-45ed-9a5b-f2effb5175a4/53130566957_092708253a_c.jpg Robin Daniels Satellite image of McDougall Creek wildfire in West Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada, showing a large burned area in red with surrounding greenery, captured on August 20, 2023. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/ccf0f523-3e11-402c-861e-e23d6084111d/53139522716_a1eb6d1674_c.jpg Robin Daniels Satellite image showing a wildfire near Alexandroupolis, Greece, with smoke and burned areas visible, captured on August 23, 2023. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/living-with-wildfire daily 0.75 2025-04-14 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/living-with-aridity daily 0.75 2025-05-11 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/living-with-water daily 0.75 2025-05-11 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/ecosystem-of-architecture daily 0.75 2025-05-11 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/sacrificial-architecture daily 0.75 2025-05-11 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/architectural-pyroscapes daily 0.75 2025-05-11 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/extremophytic-architecture daily 0.75 2025-05-11 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/pyrophytic-architecture daily 0.75 2025-05-11 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/xerophytic-architecture daily 0.75 2025-05-11 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/concepts daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/e4f90595-3b3b-48f0-9e74-a1b12e49387b/BIOroots.jpg Concepts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/935fa9ee-fe9e-43b7-926a-1c979c4a6a34/Serotinous+cone.jpg Concepts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/677cc838-7237-48d0-b356-cf5adf634d77/BIObark+III.jpg Concepts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/a05b7dd1-c982-404a-b18f-b6edb8f307e9/BIObark+plating.jpg Concepts © Bioratorium Limited & Melissa Sterry 2020 - 2025 All Rights Reserved https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/8ccc875c-7b36-402f-8ed7-4828d65f234b/BIObark+IV.jpg Concepts © Bioratorium Limited & Melissa Sterry 2020 - 2025 All Rights Reserved https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/fdc3a0c7-6c2b-4ae0-9d9e-869ff29c7731/BIObark+VIII.jpg Concepts © Bioratorium Limited & Melissa Sterry 2020 - 2025 All Rights Reserved https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/af42a942-c120-4612-8e28-808cebbda857/BIObark+XX.jpg Concepts © Bioratorium Limited & Melissa Sterry 2020 - 2025 All Rights Reserved https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/8a4d0788-0f93-43b9-8a0c-155470c71a6d/IMG_1795.JPG https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/fbe64f95-9333-411c-a69a-2d574f03a454/IMG_1766.JPG https://www.panarchiccodex.com/design-for-fire daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/panarchic-design daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/dd6ae3bc-6f0f-4f5d-b612-45fb0c7fa127/Panarchistic+Architecture+at+FAB+conclave.png Panarchic Design Presentation slide displaying "Panarchistic Architecture" in a modern auditorium with stage lights. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/4fa09e94-1655-459c-92db-c5748bcce1ef/Melissa+Sterry+presenting+Panarchistic+Architecture.png Panarchic Design Dr. Melissa Sterry on stage at a conference with a large "FAB" sign and a presentation screen displaying "Panarchistic Architecture." Future of Architecture and Building conclave. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/bioinspired-design-for-wildfire daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/dd6ae3bc-6f0f-4f5d-b612-45fb0c7fa127/Panarchistic+Architecture+at+FAB+conclave.png Bio-Inspired Design for Wildfire Large presentation screen with a slide titled 'Panarchistic Architecture,' showing a textured rock image and text discussing living with wildfire using flora and fauna strategies. Another screen displays a portrait of a female speaker with text 'Dr. Melissa Sterry.' https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/4fa09e94-1655-459c-92db-c5748bcce1ef/Melissa+Sterry+presenting+Panarchistic+Architecture.png Bio-Inspired Design for Wildfire Sustainability futures expert, Dr. Melissa Sterry giving a presentation on stage with large 'FAB' letters; screen displays 'Panarchistic Architecture.' https://www.panarchiccodex.com/nature-inspired-design-for-wildfire-resilience daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/dd6ae3bc-6f0f-4f5d-b612-45fb0c7fa127/Panarchistic+Architecture+at+FAB+conclave.png Nature-inspired Design for Wildfire Resilence Stage with a large screen displaying a presentation titled 'Panarchistic Architecture' with a description and an image of tree bark. A smaller screen shows a portrait of a person labeled 'Dr. Melissa Sterry.' The setting appears to be a modern conference venue. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/4fa09e94-1655-459c-92db-c5748bcce1ef/Melissa+Sterry+presenting+Panarchistic+Architecture.png Nature-inspired Design for Wildfire Resilence Design scientist, planetary futurist, and sustainable innovation strategist Dr. Melissa Sterry on stage presenting at a conference with large letters spelling 'FAB' and a screen displaying 'Panarchistic Architecture.' https://www.panarchiccodex.com/nature-inspired-design daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/nature-inspired-design-for-resilience-to-wildfire daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/pyrophytic-architectural-genus-resilient-designs-for-fire-prone-environments daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/1744913777033-P7U3JDM1L36PW2ENW4VS/BIObark%2Bplating.jpg Pyrophytic Architectural Genus: Resilient Designs for Fire-Prone Environments © Bioratorium Limited & Melissa Sterry 2020 - 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2025 All Rights Reserved https://www.panarchiccodex.com/legal daily 0.75 2024-12-10 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/press daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/biomimicry-as-a-tool-for-sustainable-wildfire-resilience daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://www.panarchiccodex.com/design-for-wildfire-talks daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/4fa09e94-1655-459c-92db-c5748bcce1ef/Melissa+Sterry+presenting+Panarchistic+Architecture.png Design for Wildfire talks Ecological Design Scientist and Sustainability Futurist Dr. Melissa Sterry walking on stage at a conference with a large sign reading 'FAB.' A screen displays 'Panarchistic Architecture' with an abstract image. 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Expertise That Protects and Future-Proofs Design systems futurist Dr. Melissa Sterry on stage at a conference with large letters spelling 'FAB' and a screen displaying 'Panarchistic Architecture.' https://www.panarchiccodex.com/design-for-wildfire-los-angeles-recovery-rebuild-talks-2025-2026 daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/4fa09e94-1655-459c-92db-c5748bcce1ef/Melissa+Sterry+presenting+Panarchistic+Architecture.png Design for Wildfire - Los Angeles talks Sustainable innovation futurist Dr. Melissa Sterry on stage at a conference with a large "FAB" sign, discussing "Panarchistic Architecture" with a presentation screen in the background. https://www.panarchiccodex.com/wildfire-keynote-speaker daily 0.75 2025-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e0f9cc15d11ae552752e026/4fa09e94-1655-459c-92db-c5748bcce1ef/Melissa+Sterry+presenting+Panarchistic+Architecture.png Wildfire Keynote Speaker Sustainable futures expert Dr. Melissa Sterry presenting at the FAB conference on a stage with large "FAB" letters in the foreground. 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